pyrox.dev
1/* This module enables a simple firewall.
2
3 The firewall can be customised in arbitrary ways by setting
4 ‘networking.firewall.extraCommands’. For modularity, the firewall
5 uses several chains:
6
7 - ‘nixos-fw’ is the main chain for input packet processing.
8
9 - ‘nixos-fw-accept’ is called for accepted packets. If you want
10 additional logging, or want to reject certain packets anyway, you
11 can insert rules at the start of this chain.
12
13 - ‘nixos-fw-log-refuse’ and ‘nixos-fw-refuse’ are called for
14 refused packets. (The former jumps to the latter after logging
15 the packet.) If you want additional logging, or want to accept
16 certain packets anyway, you can insert rules at the start of
17 this chain.
18
19 - ‘nixos-fw-rpfilter’ is used as the main chain in the mangle table,
20 called from the built-in ‘PREROUTING’ chain. If the kernel
21 supports it and `cfg.checkReversePath` is set this chain will
22 perform a reverse path filter test.
23
24 - ‘nixos-drop’ is used while reloading the firewall in order to drop
25 all traffic. Since reloading isn't implemented in an atomic way
26 this'll prevent any traffic from leaking through while reloading
27 the firewall. However, if the reloading fails, the ‘firewall-stop’
28 script will be called which in return will effectively disable the
29 complete firewall (in the default configuration).
30
31*/
32
33{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
34
35with lib;
36
37let
38
39 cfg = config.networking.firewall;
40
41 inherit (config.boot.kernelPackages) kernel;
42
43 kernelHasRPFilter = ((kernel.config.isEnabled or (x: false)) "IP_NF_MATCH_RPFILTER") || (kernel.features.netfilterRPFilter or false);
44
45 helpers = import ./helpers.nix { inherit config lib; };
46
47 writeShScript = name: text:
48 let
49 dir = pkgs.writeScriptBin name ''
50 #! ${pkgs.runtimeShell} -e
51 ${text}
52 '';
53 in
54 "${dir}/bin/${name}";
55
56 startScript = writeShScript "firewall-start" ''
57 ${helpers}
58
59 # Flush the old firewall rules. !!! Ideally, updating the
60 # firewall would be atomic. Apparently that's possible
61 # with iptables-restore.
62 ip46tables -D INPUT -j nixos-fw 2> /dev/null || true
63 for chain in nixos-fw nixos-fw-accept nixos-fw-log-refuse nixos-fw-refuse; do
64 ip46tables -F "$chain" 2> /dev/null || true
65 ip46tables -X "$chain" 2> /dev/null || true
66 done
67
68
69 # The "nixos-fw-accept" chain just accepts packets.
70 ip46tables -N nixos-fw-accept
71 ip46tables -A nixos-fw-accept -j ACCEPT
72
73
74 # The "nixos-fw-refuse" chain rejects or drops packets.
75 ip46tables -N nixos-fw-refuse
76
77 ${if cfg.rejectPackets then ''
78 # Send a reset for existing TCP connections that we've
79 # somehow forgotten about. Send ICMP "port unreachable"
80 # for everything else.
81 ip46tables -A nixos-fw-refuse -p tcp ! --syn -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset
82 ip46tables -A nixos-fw-refuse -j REJECT
83 '' else ''
84 ip46tables -A nixos-fw-refuse -j DROP
85 ''}
86
87
88 # The "nixos-fw-log-refuse" chain performs logging, then
89 # jumps to the "nixos-fw-refuse" chain.
90 ip46tables -N nixos-fw-log-refuse
91
92 ${optionalString cfg.logRefusedConnections ''
93 ip46tables -A nixos-fw-log-refuse -p tcp --syn -j LOG --log-level info --log-prefix "refused connection: "
94 ''}
95 ${optionalString (cfg.logRefusedPackets && !cfg.logRefusedUnicastsOnly) ''
96 ip46tables -A nixos-fw-log-refuse -m pkttype --pkt-type broadcast \
97 -j LOG --log-level info --log-prefix "refused broadcast: "
98 ip46tables -A nixos-fw-log-refuse -m pkttype --pkt-type multicast \
99 -j LOG --log-level info --log-prefix "refused multicast: "
100 ''}
101 ip46tables -A nixos-fw-log-refuse -m pkttype ! --pkt-type unicast -j nixos-fw-refuse
102 ${optionalString cfg.logRefusedPackets ''
103 ip46tables -A nixos-fw-log-refuse \
104 -j LOG --log-level info --log-prefix "refused packet: "
105 ''}
106 ip46tables -A nixos-fw-log-refuse -j nixos-fw-refuse
107
108
109 # The "nixos-fw" chain does the actual work.
110 ip46tables -N nixos-fw
111
112 # Clean up rpfilter rules
113 ip46tables -t mangle -D PREROUTING -j nixos-fw-rpfilter 2> /dev/null || true
114 ip46tables -t mangle -F nixos-fw-rpfilter 2> /dev/null || true
115 ip46tables -t mangle -X nixos-fw-rpfilter 2> /dev/null || true
116
117 ${optionalString (kernelHasRPFilter && (cfg.checkReversePath != false)) ''
118 # Perform a reverse-path test to refuse spoofers
119 # For now, we just drop, as the mangle table doesn't have a log-refuse yet
120 ip46tables -t mangle -N nixos-fw-rpfilter 2> /dev/null || true
121 ip46tables -t mangle -A nixos-fw-rpfilter -m rpfilter --validmark ${optionalString (cfg.checkReversePath == "loose") "--loose"} -j RETURN
122
123 # Allows this host to act as a DHCP4 client without first having to use APIPA
124 iptables -t mangle -A nixos-fw-rpfilter -p udp --sport 67 --dport 68 -j RETURN
125
126 # Allows this host to act as a DHCPv4 server
127 iptables -t mangle -A nixos-fw-rpfilter -s 0.0.0.0 -d 255.255.255.255 -p udp --sport 68 --dport 67 -j RETURN
128
129 ${optionalString cfg.logReversePathDrops ''
130 ip46tables -t mangle -A nixos-fw-rpfilter -j LOG --log-level info --log-prefix "rpfilter drop: "
131 ''}
132 ip46tables -t mangle -A nixos-fw-rpfilter -j DROP
133
134 ip46tables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -j nixos-fw-rpfilter
135 ''}
136
137 # Accept all traffic on the trusted interfaces.
138 ${flip concatMapStrings cfg.trustedInterfaces (iface: ''
139 ip46tables -A nixos-fw -i ${iface} -j nixos-fw-accept
140 '')}
141
142 # Accept packets from established or related connections.
143 ip46tables -A nixos-fw -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j nixos-fw-accept
144
145 # Accept connections to the allowed TCP ports.
146 ${concatStrings (mapAttrsToList (iface: cfg:
147 concatMapStrings (port:
148 ''
149 ip46tables -A nixos-fw -p tcp --dport ${toString port} -j nixos-fw-accept ${optionalString (iface != "default") "-i ${iface}"}
150 ''
151 ) cfg.allowedTCPPorts
152 ) cfg.allInterfaces)}
153
154 # Accept connections to the allowed TCP port ranges.
155 ${concatStrings (mapAttrsToList (iface: cfg:
156 concatMapStrings (rangeAttr:
157 let range = toString rangeAttr.from + ":" + toString rangeAttr.to; in
158 ''
159 ip46tables -A nixos-fw -p tcp --dport ${range} -j nixos-fw-accept ${optionalString (iface != "default") "-i ${iface}"}
160 ''
161 ) cfg.allowedTCPPortRanges
162 ) cfg.allInterfaces)}
163
164 # Accept packets on the allowed UDP ports.
165 ${concatStrings (mapAttrsToList (iface: cfg:
166 concatMapStrings (port:
167 ''
168 ip46tables -A nixos-fw -p udp --dport ${toString port} -j nixos-fw-accept ${optionalString (iface != "default") "-i ${iface}"}
169 ''
170 ) cfg.allowedUDPPorts
171 ) cfg.allInterfaces)}
172
173 # Accept packets on the allowed UDP port ranges.
174 ${concatStrings (mapAttrsToList (iface: cfg:
175 concatMapStrings (rangeAttr:
176 let range = toString rangeAttr.from + ":" + toString rangeAttr.to; in
177 ''
178 ip46tables -A nixos-fw -p udp --dport ${range} -j nixos-fw-accept ${optionalString (iface != "default") "-i ${iface}"}
179 ''
180 ) cfg.allowedUDPPortRanges
181 ) cfg.allInterfaces)}
182
183 # Optionally respond to ICMPv4 pings.
184 ${optionalString cfg.allowPing ''
185 iptables -w -A nixos-fw -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request ${optionalString (cfg.pingLimit != null)
186 "-m limit ${cfg.pingLimit} "
187 }-j nixos-fw-accept
188 ''}
189
190 ${optionalString config.networking.enableIPv6 ''
191 # Accept all ICMPv6 messages except redirects and node
192 # information queries (type 139). See RFC 4890, section
193 # 4.4.
194 ip6tables -A nixos-fw -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type redirect -j DROP
195 ip6tables -A nixos-fw -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type 139 -j DROP
196 ip6tables -A nixos-fw -p icmpv6 -j nixos-fw-accept
197
198 # Allow this host to act as a DHCPv6 client
199 ip6tables -A nixos-fw -d fe80::/64 -p udp --dport 546 -j nixos-fw-accept
200 ''}
201
202 ${cfg.extraCommands}
203
204 # Reject/drop everything else.
205 ip46tables -A nixos-fw -j nixos-fw-log-refuse
206
207
208 # Enable the firewall.
209 ip46tables -A INPUT -j nixos-fw
210 '';
211
212 stopScript = writeShScript "firewall-stop" ''
213 ${helpers}
214
215 # Clean up in case reload fails
216 ip46tables -D INPUT -j nixos-drop 2>/dev/null || true
217
218 # Clean up after added ruleset
219 ip46tables -D INPUT -j nixos-fw 2>/dev/null || true
220
221 ${optionalString (kernelHasRPFilter && (cfg.checkReversePath != false)) ''
222 ip46tables -t mangle -D PREROUTING -j nixos-fw-rpfilter 2>/dev/null || true
223 ''}
224
225 ${cfg.extraStopCommands}
226 '';
227
228 reloadScript = writeShScript "firewall-reload" ''
229 ${helpers}
230
231 # Create a unique drop rule
232 ip46tables -D INPUT -j nixos-drop 2>/dev/null || true
233 ip46tables -F nixos-drop 2>/dev/null || true
234 ip46tables -X nixos-drop 2>/dev/null || true
235 ip46tables -N nixos-drop
236 ip46tables -A nixos-drop -j DROP
237
238 # Don't allow traffic to leak out until the script has completed
239 ip46tables -A INPUT -j nixos-drop
240
241 ${cfg.extraStopCommands}
242
243 if ${startScript}; then
244 ip46tables -D INPUT -j nixos-drop 2>/dev/null || true
245 else
246 echo "Failed to reload firewall... Stopping"
247 ${stopScript}
248 exit 1
249 fi
250 '';
251
252in
253
254{
255
256 options = {
257
258 networking.firewall = {
259 extraCommands = mkOption {
260 type = types.lines;
261 default = "";
262 example = "iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT";
263 description = ''
264 Additional shell commands executed as part of the firewall
265 initialisation script. These are executed just before the
266 final "reject" firewall rule is added, so they can be used
267 to allow packets that would otherwise be refused.
268
269 This option only works with the iptables based firewall.
270 '';
271 };
272
273 extraStopCommands = mkOption {
274 type = types.lines;
275 default = "";
276 example = "iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT";
277 description = ''
278 Additional shell commands executed as part of the firewall
279 shutdown script. These are executed just after the removal
280 of the NixOS input rule, or if the service enters a failed
281 state.
282
283 This option only works with the iptables based firewall.
284 '';
285 };
286 };
287
288 };
289
290 # FIXME: Maybe if `enable' is false, the firewall should still be
291 # built but not started by default?
292 config = mkIf (cfg.enable && config.networking.nftables.enable == false) {
293
294 assertions = [
295 # This is approximately "checkReversePath -> kernelHasRPFilter",
296 # but the checkReversePath option can include non-boolean
297 # values.
298 {
299 assertion = cfg.checkReversePath == false || kernelHasRPFilter;
300 message = "This kernel does not support rpfilter";
301 }
302 ];
303
304 environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.nixos-firewall-tool ];
305 networking.firewall.checkReversePath = mkIf (!kernelHasRPFilter) (mkDefault false);
306
307 systemd.services.firewall = {
308 description = "Firewall";
309 wantedBy = [ "sysinit.target" ];
310 wants = [ "network-pre.target" ];
311 after = [ "systemd-modules-load.service" ];
312 before = [ "network-pre.target" "shutdown.target" ];
313 conflicts = [ "shutdown.target" ];
314
315 path = [ cfg.package ] ++ cfg.extraPackages;
316
317 # FIXME: this module may also try to load kernel modules, but
318 # containers don't have CAP_SYS_MODULE. So the host system had
319 # better have all necessary modules already loaded.
320 unitConfig.ConditionCapability = "CAP_NET_ADMIN";
321 unitConfig.DefaultDependencies = false;
322
323 reloadIfChanged = true;
324
325 serviceConfig = {
326 Type = "oneshot";
327 RemainAfterExit = true;
328 ExecStart = "@${startScript} firewall-start";
329 ExecReload = "@${reloadScript} firewall-reload";
330 ExecStop = "@${stopScript} firewall-stop";
331 };
332 };
333
334 };
335
336}