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Merge pull request #186764 from fricklerhandwerk/remove-syntax-overview

remove Nix language syntax summary

Sergei Trofimovich 00d016a2 f7eadf72

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-380
nixos
doc
manual
configuration
config-syntax.chapter.md
summary.section.md
from_md
configuration
config-syntax.chapter.xml
summary.section.xml
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```
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nixos/doc/manual/configuration/summary.section.md 
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# Syntax Summary {#sec-nix-syntax-summary}


     

       
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Below is a summary of the most important syntactic constructs in the Nix


     

       
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expression language. It's not complete. In particular, there are many


     

       
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other built-in functions. See the [Nix


     

       
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manual](https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#chap-writing-nix-expressions) for


     

       
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the rest.


     

       
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| Example                                       | Description                                                                                                        |


     

       
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|-----------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|


     

       
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| *Basic values*                                |                                                                                                                    |


     

       
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| `"Hello world"`                               | A string                                                                                                           |


     

       
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| `"${pkgs.bash}/bin/sh"`                       | A string containing an expression (expands to `"/nix/store/hash-bash-version/bin/sh"`)                             |


     

       
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| `true`, `false`                               | Booleans                                                                                                           |


     

       
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| `123`                                         | An integer                                                                                                         |


     

       
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| `./foo.png`                                   | A path (relative to the containing Nix expression)                                                                 |


     

       
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| *Compound values*                             |                                                                                                                    |


     

       
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| `{ x = 1; y = 2; }`                           | A set with attributes named `x` and `y`                                                                            |


     

       
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| `{ foo.bar = 1; }`                            | A nested set, equivalent to `{ foo = { bar = 1; }; }`                                                              |


     

       
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| `rec { x = "foo"; y = x + "bar"; }`           | A recursive set, equivalent to `{ x = "foo"; y = "foobar"; }`                                                      |


     

       
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| `[ "foo" "bar" ]`                             | A list with two elements                                                                                           |


     

       
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| *Operators*                                   |                                                                                                                    |


     

       
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| `"foo" + "bar"`                               | String concatenation                                                                                               |


     

       
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| `1 + 2`                                       | Integer addition                                                                                                   |


     

       
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| `"foo" == "f" + "oo"`                         | Equality test (evaluates to `true`)                                                                                |


     

       
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| `"foo" != "bar"`                              | Inequality test (evaluates to `true`)                                                                              |


     

       
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| `!true`                                       | Boolean negation                                                                                                   |


     

       
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| `{ x = 1; y = 2; }.x`                         | Attribute selection (evaluates to `1`)                                                                             |


     

       
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| `{ x = 1; y = 2; }.z or 3`                    | Attribute selection with default (evaluates to `3`)                                                                |


     

       
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| `{ x = 1; y = 2; } // { z = 3; }`             | Merge two sets (attributes in the right-hand set taking precedence)                                                |


     

       
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| *Control structures*                          |                                                                                                                    |


     

       
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| `if 1 + 1 == 2 then "yes!" else "no!"`        | Conditional expression                                                                                             |


     

       
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| `assert 1 + 1 == 2; "yes!"`                   | Assertion check (evaluates to `"yes!"`). See [](#sec-assertions) for using assertions in modules                   |


     

       
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| `let x = "foo"; y = "bar"; in x + y`          | Variable definition                                                                                                |


     

       
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| `with pkgs.lib; head [ 1 2 3 ]`               | Add all attributes from the given set to the scope (evaluates to `1`)                                              |


     

       
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| *Functions (lambdas)*                         |                                                                                                                    |


     

       
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| `x: x + 1`                                    | A function that expects an integer and returns it increased by 1                                                   |


     

       
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| `(x: x + 1) 100`                              | A function call (evaluates to 101)                                                                                 |


     

       
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| `let inc = x: x + 1; in inc (inc (inc 100))`  | A function bound to a variable and subsequently called by name (evaluates to 103)                                  |


     

       
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| `{ x, y }: x + y`                             | A function that expects a set with required attributes `x` and `y` and concatenates them                           |


     

       
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| `{ x, y ? "bar" }: x + y`                     | A function that expects a set with required attribute `x` and optional `y`, using `"bar"` as default value for `y` |


     

       
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| `{ x, y, ... }: x + y`                        | A function that expects a set with required attributes `x` and `y` and ignores any other attributes                |


     

       
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| `{ x, y } @ args: x + y`                      | A function that expects a set with required attributes `x` and `y`, and binds the whole set to `args`              |


     

       
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| *Built-in functions*                          |                                                                                                                    |


     

       
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| `import ./foo.nix`                            | Load and return Nix expression in given file                                                                       |


     

       
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| `map (x: x + x) [ 1 2 3 ]`                    | Apply a function to every element of a list (evaluates to `[ 2 4 6 ]`)                                             |
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  <xi:include href="config-file.section.xml" />


     

       
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</chapter>
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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xml:id="sec-nix-syntax-summary">


     

       
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  <title>Syntax Summary</title>


     

       
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  <para>


     

       
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    Below is a summary of the most important syntactic constructs in the


     

       
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    Nix expression language. It’s not complete. In particular, there are


     

       
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    many other built-in functions. See the


     

       
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    <link xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#chap-writing-nix-expressions">Nix


     

       
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    manual</link> for the rest.


     

       
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  </para>


     

       
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  <informaltable>


     

       
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    <tgroup cols="2">


     

       
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      <colspec align="left" />


     

       
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      <colspec align="left" />


     

       
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      <thead>


     

       
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        <row>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            Example


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            Description


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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        </row>


     

       
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      </thead>


     

       
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      <tbody>


     

       
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        <row>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            <emphasis>Basic values</emphasis>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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        </row>


     

       
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        <row>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            <literal>&quot;Hello world&quot;</literal>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            A string


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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        </row>


     

       
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        <row>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            <literal>&quot;${pkgs.bash}/bin/sh&quot;</literal>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            A string containing an expression (expands to


     

       
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            <literal>&quot;/nix/store/hash-bash-version/bin/sh&quot;</literal>)


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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        </row>


     

       
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        <row>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            <literal>true</literal>, <literal>false</literal>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            Booleans


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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        </row>


     

       
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        <row>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            <literal>123</literal>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            An integer


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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        </row>


     

       
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        <row>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            <literal>./foo.png</literal>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            A path (relative to the containing Nix expression)


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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        </row>


     

       
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        <row>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            <emphasis>Compound values</emphasis>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            <literal>{ x = 1; y = 2; }</literal>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            A set with attributes named <literal>x</literal> and


     

       
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            <literal>y</literal>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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            <literal>{ foo.bar = 1; }</literal>


     

       
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            A nested set, equivalent to


     

       
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            <literal>rec { x = &quot;foo&quot;; y = x + &quot;bar&quot;; }</literal>


     

       
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            A recursive set, equivalent to


     

       
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            <literal>{ x = &quot;foo&quot;; y = &quot;foobar&quot;; }</literal>


     

       
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            <literal>[ &quot;foo&quot; &quot;bar&quot; ]</literal>


     

       
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            <emphasis>Operators</emphasis>


     

       
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            String concatenation


     

       
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            <literal>1 + 2</literal>


     

       
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            Integer addition


     

       
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            <literal>&quot;foo&quot; == &quot;f&quot; + &quot;oo&quot;</literal>


     

       
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            Equality test (evaluates to <literal>true</literal>)


     

       
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            <literal>&quot;foo&quot; != &quot;bar&quot;</literal>


     

       
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            <literal>!true</literal>


     

       
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            Boolean negation


     

       
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            <literal>{ x = 1; y = 2; }.x</literal>


     

       
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            Attribute selection (evaluates to <literal>1</literal>)


     

       
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            <literal>{ x = 1; y = 2; }.z or 3</literal>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            Attribute selection with default (evaluates to


     

       
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            <literal>3</literal>)


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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            <literal>{ x = 1; y = 2; } // { z = 3; }</literal>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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            Merge two sets (attributes in the right-hand set taking


     

       
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            precedence)


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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            <emphasis>Control structures</emphasis>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            <literal>if 1 + 1 == 2 then &quot;yes!&quot; else &quot;no!&quot;</literal>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            Conditional expression


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            <literal>assert 1 + 1 == 2; &quot;yes!&quot;</literal>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            Assertion check (evaluates to


     

       
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            <literal>&quot;yes!&quot;</literal>). See


     

       
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            <xref linkend="sec-assertions" /> for using assertions in


     

       
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            modules


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            <literal>let x = &quot;foo&quot;; y = &quot;bar&quot;; in x + y</literal>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            Variable definition


     

       
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        <row>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            <literal>with pkgs.lib; head [ 1 2 3 ]</literal>


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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          <entry>


     

       
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            Add all attributes from the given set to the scope


     

       
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            (evaluates to <literal>1</literal>)


     

       
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          </entry>


     

       
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        </row>


     

       
231

       

       
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        <row>


     

       
232

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
233

       

       
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            <emphasis>Functions (lambdas)</emphasis>


     

       
234

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
235

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
236

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
237

       

       
-

       
        </row>


     

       
238

       

       
-

       
        <row>


     

       
239

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
240

       

       
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            <literal>x: x + 1</literal>


     

       
241

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
242

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
243

       

       
-

       
            A function that expects an integer and returns it increased


     

       
244

       

       
-

       
            by 1


     

       
245

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
246

       

       
-

       
        </row>


     

       
247

       

       
-

       
        <row>


     

       
248

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
249

       

       
-

       
            <literal>(x: x + 1) 100</literal>


     

       
250

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
251

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
252

       

       
-

       
            A function call (evaluates to 101)


     

       
253

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
254

       

       
-

       
        </row>


     

       
255

       

       
-

       
        <row>


     

       
256

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
257

       

       
-

       
            <literal>let inc = x: x + 1; in inc (inc (inc 100))</literal>


     

       
258

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
259

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
260

       

       
-

       
            A function bound to a variable and subsequently called by


     

       
261

       

       
-

       
            name (evaluates to 103)


     

       
262

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
263

       

       
-

       
        </row>


     

       
264

       

       
-

       
        <row>


     

       
265

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
266

       

       
-

       
            <literal>{ x, y }: x + y</literal>


     

       
267

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
268

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
269

       

       
-

       
            A function that expects a set with required attributes


     

       
270

       

       
-

       
            <literal>x</literal> and <literal>y</literal> and


     

       
271

       

       
-

       
            concatenates them


     

       
272

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
273

       

       
-

       
        </row>


     

       
274

       

       
-

       
        <row>


     

       
275

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
276

       

       
-

       
            <literal>{ x, y ? &quot;bar&quot; }: x + y</literal>


     

       
277

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
278

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
279

       

       
-

       
            A function that expects a set with required attribute


     

       
280

       

       
-

       
            <literal>x</literal> and optional <literal>y</literal>,


     

       
281

       

       
-

       
            using <literal>&quot;bar&quot;</literal> as default value


     

       
282

       

       
-

       
            for <literal>y</literal>


     

       
283

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
284

       

       
-

       
        </row>


     

       
285

       

       
-

       
        <row>


     

       
286

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
287

       

       
-

       
            <literal>{ x, y, ... }: x + y</literal>


     

       
288

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
289

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
290

       

       
-

       
            A function that expects a set with required attributes


     

       
291

       

       
-

       
            <literal>x</literal> and <literal>y</literal> and ignores


     

       
292

       

       
-

       
            any other attributes


     

       
293

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
294

       

       
-

       
        </row>


     

       
295

       

       
-

       
        <row>


     

       
296

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
297

       

       
-

       
            <literal>{ x, y } @ args: x + y</literal>


     

       
298

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
299

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
300

       

       
-

       
            A function that expects a set with required attributes


     

       
301

       

       
-

       
            <literal>x</literal> and <literal>y</literal>, and binds the


     

       
302

       

       
-

       
            whole set to <literal>args</literal>


     

       
303

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
304

       

       
-

       
        </row>


     

       
305

       

       
-

       
        <row>


     

       
306

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
307

       

       
-

       
            <emphasis>Built-in functions</emphasis>


     

       
308

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
309

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
310

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
311

       

       
-

       
        </row>


     

       
312

       

       
-

       
        <row>


     

       
313

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
314

       

       
-

       
            <literal>import ./foo.nix</literal>


     

       
315

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
316

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
317

       

       
-

       
            Load and return Nix expression in given file


     

       
318

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
319

       

       
-

       
        </row>


     

       
320

       

       
-

       
        <row>


     

       
321

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
322

       

       
-

       
            <literal>map (x: x + x) [ 1 2 3 ]</literal>


     

       
323

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
324

       

       
-

       
          <entry>


     

       
325

       

       
-

       
            Apply a function to every element of a list (evaluates to


     

       
326

       

       
-

       
            <literal>[ 2 4 6 ]</literal>)


     

       
327

       

       
-

       
          </entry>


     

       
328

       

       
-

       
        </row>


     

       
329

       

       
-

       
      </tbody>


     

       
330

       

       
-

       
    </tgroup>


     

       
331

       

       
-

       
  </informaltable>


     

       
332

       

       
-

       
</section>